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Chukchi language

Alternative names (including historical names and autoglottonyms): Luorawetlan, Chukot, Chuuk

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Genealogy

Chukotko-Kamchatkan → North Chukotko-Kamchatkan

Geography

Main country: Russian Federation (show on the map)

Identifiers

Features

Phonemic structure

[A‑1] Number of degrees of vowel height Three [A‑1‑2]
[A‑2] Vowel height degrees Close, mid and open [A‑2‑3]
[A‑3] Degrees of vowel backness Front, central and back [A‑3‑4]
[A‑4] Number of length degrees No length degrees [A‑4‑1]
[A‑5] Vowel opposition in labialization No vowel opposition in labialization [A‑5‑1]
[A‑6] Vowel opposition in nasalization No vowel opposition in nasalization [A‑6‑1]
[A‑7] Vowel opposition in pharyngealization No vowel opposition in pharyngealization [A‑7‑1]
[A‑9] Diphthongs and triphthongs No diphthongs and triphthongs [A‑9‑1]
[A‑12] Inventory of obstruents by manner of articulation Occlusives and fricatives [A‑12‑6]
[A‑13] Inventory of obstruents by place of articulation Bilabial, coronal, dorsal, guttural, uvular and laringal [A‑13‑7]
[A‑14] Inventory of labial obstruents by place of articulation Only bilabial [A‑14‑1]
[A‑18] Additional articulatory oppositions of obstruents Absent [A‑18‑1]
[A‑19] Inventory of sonorants by manner of articulation Nasal and approximant [A‑19‑9]
[A‑20] Inventory of sonorants by place of articulation Labial, coronal, dorsal and guttural [A‑20‑17]
[A‑21] Additional articulatory oppositions of sonorants Absent [A‑21‑1]
[A‑220] Inventory of fricatives by place of articulation Mid and lateral [A‑220‑1]

Prosodic phenomena

[B‑1] Stress character Phonological [B‑1‑2]
[B‑3] Stress carrier Syllable [B‑3‑1]
[B‑4] Stress fixedness Not fixed [B‑4‑2]
[B‑9] Length character Non-phonological [B‑9‑2]
[B‑11] Feature of vowel harmony Narrow and broad vowels [B‑11‑16]

Syllable

[C‑1] Syllable onset Both null and non-null onset possible [C‑1‑5]
[C‑2] Syllable coda Both null and non-null ocoda possible [C‑2‑5]

Phonologic structure and phenomena

[D‑1] Restrictions on the phonemic structure of segment morphemes in the initial position No consonant clusters [D‑1‑6]
[D‑2] Restrictions on the phonemic structure of segment morphemes in the final position No consonant clusters [D‑2‑7]
[D‑3] Characteristics of the syllabic structure of words Mainly polysyllabic words [D‑3‑4]
[D‑4] Differences between content and function words No differences [D‑4‑1]
[D‑6] Differences between roots and affixes No differences [D‑6‑1]
[D‑7] Functional type of alternations Distinctive [D‑7‑3]
[D‑8] Type of altenations Consonant alternations [D‑8‑2]

Morphological type of language

[E‑1] Type of language by type of morpheme combination in a word Agglutinative [E‑1‑1]
[E‑3] Agglutinative type features One flection can only express one meaning [E‑3‑1]
[E‑4] Type of language by degree of morpheme cohesion Analytic [E‑4‑2]

Nominal classifications

[F‑1] Number of agreement classes No agreement classes [F‑1‑1]
[F‑7] Nouns classifying categories Animacy/inanimacy [F‑7‑3]
[F‑9] Expression of animacy/inanimacy Lexical and morphological [F‑9‑6]

Number

[G‑1] Number in nouns Singular and plural [G‑1‑1]
[G‑2] Single number marking Marked [G‑2‑1]
[G‑4] Agreement in number Predicative [G‑4‑2]
[G‑6] Numeral system Vigesimal with elements of decimal [G‑6‑4]

Case meanings

[H‑1] Number of noun cases Eight-twelve [H‑1‑3]
[H‑2] Subject and object marking Verbal agreement and case affixes [H‑2‑5]
[H‑6] Means of expressing spatial relations Noun affixes, adverbs of place, and postpositions [H‑6‑17]

Verbal categories

[I‑1] Voice forms expression Affixes [I‑1‑4]
[I‑4] Voice forms coincidence Absent [I‑4‑1]
[I‑5] Tense forms Past [I‑5‑1]
[I‑5] Tense forms Present [I‑5‑2]
[I‑5] Tense forms Future [I‑5‑3]
[I‑6] Aspect and tense expression Separate [I‑6‑1]
[I‑7] Expression of tense categories Affixes [I‑7‑1]
[I‑8] Syncretic expression of several verb meanings Absent [I‑8‑1]
[I‑10] Transitivity marker Affix [I‑10‑2]

Deictic categories

[J‑1] Pronominal words Pronouns-nouns and pronouns-adjectives [J‑1‑11]
[J‑2] Expression of deictic categories Demonstrative pronouns [J‑2‑1]
[J‑3] Function words expressing spatial orientation of action Postpositions [J‑3‑2]
[J‑4] Content words expressing spatial orientation of action Pronouns and adverbs [J‑4‑6]
[J‑5] Morphological expression of (in)definiteness Noun affixes [J‑5‑2]
[J‑8] Expression of negation Negative particles and negative affixes [J‑8‑9]
[J‑9] Negation marker position Incorporation and preposition [J‑9‑6]

Parts of speech and inflection

[K‑1] Personal pronouns inflection Pronominal inflection type [K‑1‑3]
[K‑2] Article types No articles [K‑2‑1]
[K‑7] Number of conjugation types Two types of conjugation [K‑7‑2]
[K‑8] Verb agreement types Subject and object [K‑8‑3]
[K‑11] Adverb grammar categories Absent [K‑11‑1]
[K‑16] Inflectional categories of noun Number and case [K‑16‑7]
[K‑17] Cumulative expression of several categories in noun Absent [K‑17‑1]
[K‑18] Inflection means Reduplication and affixes [K‑18‑6]
[K‑19] Word form model Prefixal-suffixal [K‑19‑1]

Word formation

[L‑1] Word formation means Affixation, derivation, incorporation, reduplication, and analytic constructions [L‑1‑27]
[L‑2] Derivation affixes Circumfixes, prefixes and suffixes [L‑2‑8]

Simple sentence

[M‑1] Morphosyntactic alignment Nominative and ergative [M‑1‑10]
[M‑3] Dominant word order SOV [M‑3‑2]

Complex sentence

[N‑5] Compound sentence syndesis and asyndeton Both syndesis and asyndeton possible [N‑5‑3]

Unfilled features

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