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Gafat language †

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PDFVolume 18. Semitic Languages. Ethiosemitic Languages
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Genealogy

Afroasiatic → Semitic → West Semitic → Central Semitic → South Semitic → Ethiopian Semitic

Geography

Main country: Ethiopia (show on the map)

Area maps from the encyclopedia (in Russian)

Map designer: Yuri Koryakov

Identifiers

Features

Phonemic structure

[A‑1] Number of degrees of vowel height Three [A‑1‑2]
[A‑2] Vowel height degrees Close, mid and open [A‑2‑3]
[A‑3] Degrees of vowel backness Front, central and back [A‑3‑4]
[A‑4] Number of length degrees No length degrees [A‑4‑1]
[A‑5] Vowel opposition in labialization No vowel opposition in labialization [A‑5‑1]
[A‑6] Vowel opposition in nasalization No vowel opposition in nasalization [A‑6‑1]
[A‑7] Vowel opposition in pharyngealization No vowel opposition in pharyngealization [A‑7‑1]
[A‑8] Vowel opposition in ATR No vowel opposition in ATR [A‑8‑1]
[A‑9] Diphthongs and triphthongs No diphthongs and triphthongs [A‑9‑1]
[A‑11] Inventory of obstruents by laryngeal features Emphatic consonants present [A‑11‑11]
[A‑12] Inventory of obstruents by manner of articulation Plosives and fricatives [A‑12‑1]
[A‑13] Inventory of obstruents by place of articulation Labial, coronal, dorsal, guttural and postuvular [A‑13‑2]
[A‑15] Inventory of coronal obstruents by place of articulation Dental-alveolar [A‑15‑23]
[A‑16] Inventory of guttural obstruents by place of articulation Velar and labiovelar [A‑16‑4]
[A‑17] Inventory of postuvular obstruents by place of articulation Only glottal [A‑17‑2]
[A‑18] Additional articulatory oppositions of obstruents By labialization [A‑18‑2]
[A‑19] Inventory of sonorants by manner of articulation Nasal, liquid, vibrant and glide [A‑19‑6]
[A‑20] Inventory of sonorants by place of articulation Labial, coronal and dorsal [A‑20‑14]
[A‑21] Additional articulatory oppositions of sonorants By labialization [A‑21‑4]

Prosodic phenomena

[B‑1] Stress character Non-phonological [B‑1‑3]
[B‑10] Target of vowel harmony No vowel harmony [B‑10‑9]

Syllable

[C‑1] Syllable onset Both null and non-null onset possible [C‑1‑5]
[C‑2] Syllable coda Both null and non-null ocoda possible [C‑2‑5]

Phonologic structure and phenomena

[D‑1] Restrictions on the phonemic structure of segment morphemes in the initial position No consonant clusters [D‑1‑6]
[D‑2] Restrictions on the phonemic structure of segment morphemes in the final position No restrictions [D‑2‑1]
[D‑6] Differences between roots and affixes Differences in phonetic structure [D‑6‑2]

Morphological type of language

[E‑1] Type of language by type of morpheme combination in a word Fusional-agglutinative [E‑1‑5]
[E‑4] Type of language by degree of morpheme cohesion Synthetic with elements of analytism [E‑4‑6]

Nominal classifications

[F‑1] Number of agreement classes Two [F‑1‑2]
[F‑6] Agreement of cardinal numerals in gender For "one", "two" [F‑6‑4]

Number

[G‑1] Number in nouns Singular and plural [G‑1‑1]
[G‑2] Single number marking Unmarked [G‑2‑2]
[G‑5] Form of a noun in numeral phrases Singular [G‑5‑1]

Case meanings

[H‑1] Number of noun cases One-two [H‑1‑1]
[H‑5] Other means of expressing possessive relations Apposition, possessive affixes and prepositions [H‑5‑15]
[H‑8] Case marking of animate and inanimate nouns Same [H‑8‑1]

Verbal categories

No filled features for this language.

Deictic categories

[J‑6] Words expressing (in)definiteness Articles [J‑6‑1]

Parts of speech and inflection

[K‑2] Article types Only definite [K‑2‑3]
[K‑4] Article place Postposition [K‑4‑2]
[K‑6] Grammar categories of article Definiteness [K‑6‑2]
[K‑12] Agreement categories expressed in adjective Definiteness and case [K‑12‑23]
[K‑13] Cumulative expression of several categories in adjective Absent [K‑13‑1]
[K‑14] Attribute agreement of adjectives Always present [K‑14‑1]
[K‑15] Attributive agreement types In case [K‑15‑3]
[K‑15] Attributive agreement types In (in)definiteness [K‑15‑8]

Word formation

No filled features for this language.

Simple sentence

[M‑3] Dominant word order SOV [M‑3‑2]
[M‑4] Order of nouns and its modifier Modifier precedes noun [M‑4‑1]

Complex sentence

[N‑1] Clauses order in compound sentence Subordinate clause precedes main clause [N‑1‑2]
[N‑2] Dependent clause distinctions in complex sentences Special form of predicate [N‑2‑4]
[N‑4] Compound sentence types Subordination and compounding [N‑4‑4]
[N‑5] Compound sentence syndesis and asyndeton Syndesis dominant [N‑5‑1]

Unfilled features

The encyclopedia contains no information

Feature is not applicable to this language