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Jogo language

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PDFVolume 21. Mande languages
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Genealogy

Mande → Western → Jogo-Jero

Geography

Main country: Ghana (show on the map)

Area maps from the encyclopedia (in Russian)

Map designer: Yuri Koryakov

Identifiers

Features

Phonemic structure

[A‑1] Number of degrees of vowel height Four [A‑1‑3]
[A‑2] Vowel height degrees Close, close-mid, open-mid and open [A‑2‑5]
[A‑3] Degrees of vowel backness Front, central and back [A‑3‑4]
[A‑4] Number of length degrees No length degrees [A‑4‑1]
[A‑5] Vowel opposition in labialization No vowel opposition in labialization [A‑5‑1]
[A‑6] Vowel opposition in nasalization Present for front, central and back vowels [A‑6‑4]
[A‑7] Vowel opposition in pharyngealization No vowel opposition in pharyngealization [A‑7‑1]
[A‑8] Vowel opposition in ATR No vowel opposition in ATR [A‑8‑1]
[A‑11] Inventory of obstruents by laryngeal features Opposition by presence and absence of voice [A‑11‑1]
[A‑12] Inventory of obstruents by manner of articulation Plosives and fricatives [A‑12‑1]
[A‑13] Inventory of obstruents by place of articulation Labial, coronal, dorsal, guttural and postuvular [A‑13‑2]
[A‑14] Inventory of labial obstruents by place of articulation Only bilabial [A‑14‑1]
[A‑15] Inventory of coronal obstruents by place of articulation Dental [A‑15‑1]
[A‑16] Inventory of guttural obstruents by place of articulation Velar and labiovelar [A‑16‑4]
[A‑17] Inventory of postuvular obstruents by place of articulation Only glottal [A‑17‑2]
[A‑18] Additional articulatory oppositions of obstruents By labialization [A‑18‑2]
[A‑19] Inventory of sonorants by manner of articulation Nasal, liquid, vibrant and glide [A‑19‑6]
[A‑20] Inventory of sonorants by place of articulation Labial, coronal, dorsal and guttural [A‑20‑17]
[A‑21] Additional articulatory oppositions of sonorants Absent [A‑21‑1]

Prosodic phenomena

[B‑1] Stress character No stress [B‑1‑1]
[B‑6] Number of tone levels Three [B‑6‑2]
[B‑8] Tone carrier Syllable [B‑8‑1]
[B‑9] Length character Phonological [B‑9‑1]

Syllable

[C‑1] Syllable onset Most syllables have a non-null onset [C‑1‑3]
[C‑2] Syllable coda Most syllables have a null coda [C‑2‑4]

Phonologic structure and phenomena

[D‑1] Restrictions on the phonemic structure of segment morphemes in the initial position No consonant clusters [D‑1‑6]
[D‑5] Differences between native and borrowed words Differences in syllable structure [D‑5‑4]
[D‑6] Differences between roots and affixes No differences [D‑6‑1]

Morphological type of language

[E‑1] Type of language by type of morpheme combination in a word Agglutinative with some fusional features [E‑1‑2]
[E‑2] Fusional type features Phonetically unconditioned fusion [E‑2‑4]
[E‑4] Type of language by degree of morpheme cohesion Analytic [E‑4‑2]

Nominal classifications

[F‑1] Number of agreement classes No agreement classes [F‑1‑1]
[F‑6] Agreement of cardinal numerals in gender Absent [F‑6‑1]
[F‑7] Nouns classifying categories Absent [F‑7‑1]

Number

[G‑1] Number in nouns Singular and plural [G‑1‑1]
[G‑2] Single number marking Unmarked [G‑2‑2]
[G‑3] Honorific forms in pronouns and verbs Absent [G‑3‑1]
[G‑4] Agreement in number No agreement in number [G‑4‑1]

Case meanings

[H‑3] Case of nominal predicate Nominative [H‑3‑4]
[H‑5] Other means of expressing possessive relations Possessive particles [H‑5‑2]
[H‑8] Case marking of animate and inanimate nouns Same [H‑8‑1]
[H‑9] Secondary cases Absent [H‑9‑2]

Verbal categories

[I‑1] Voice forms expression Category of voice is absent [I‑1‑1]

Deictic categories

[J‑3] Function words expressing spatial orientation of action Postpositions [J‑3‑2]
[J‑5] Morphological expression of (in)definiteness Noun affixes [J‑5‑2]
[J‑6] Words expressing (in)definiteness Articles [J‑6‑1]
[J‑8] Expression of negation Negative particles [J‑8‑3]
[J‑9] Negation marker position Postposition [J‑9‑4]

Parts of speech and inflection

[K‑1] Personal pronouns inflection Pronouns are not inflected [K‑1‑1]
[K‑2] Article types Only definite [K‑2‑3]
[K‑4] Article place Postposition [K‑4‑2]
[K‑5] Position of article in noun phrase Single article preceding the phrase [K‑5‑1]
[K‑6] Grammar categories of article Definiteness [K‑6‑2]
[K‑7] Number of conjugation types Single type of conjugation [K‑7‑1]
[K‑8] Verb agreement types No verb agreement [K‑8‑1]
[K‑9] Agreement categories expressed in participle Absent [K‑9‑1]
[K‑11] Adverb grammar categories Absent [K‑11‑1]
[K‑12] Agreement categories expressed in adjective Absent [K‑12‑1]
[K‑13] Cumulative expression of several categories in adjective Absent [K‑13‑1]
[K‑14] Attribute agreement of adjectives Absent [K‑14‑2]
[K‑15] Attributive agreement types No attributive agreement [K‑15‑1]
[K‑16] Inflectional categories of noun (In)definiteness [K‑16‑3]
[K‑17] Cumulative expression of several categories in noun Absent [K‑17‑1]
[K‑18] Inflection means Reduplication and affixes [K‑18‑6]
[K‑19] Word form model Mainly or only suffixal [K‑19‑4]

Word formation

[L‑1] Word formation means Derivation, reduplication and compounding [L‑1‑19]
[L‑2] Derivation affixes Suffixes [L‑2‑2]
[L‑3] Stems relations in stem compounding Apposition and subordination [L‑3‑5]

Simple sentence

[M‑2] Word order fixedness Fixed [M‑2‑1]
[M‑3] Dominant word order SOV [M‑3‑2]
[M‑4] Order of nouns and its modifier Modifier follows noun [M‑4‑2]

Complex sentence

[N‑1] Clauses order in compound sentence Not fixed [N‑1‑3]
[N‑4] Compound sentence types Subordination and compounding [N‑4‑4]
[N‑5] Compound sentence syndesis and asyndeton Both syndesis and asyndeton possible [N‑5‑3]

Unfilled features

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