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Kabardian language

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PDFVolume 9. Caucasian languages
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Genealogy

Caucasian → Northwest Caucasian → Circassian

Geography

Main country: Russian Federation (show on the map)

Area maps from the encyclopedia (in Russian)

Map designer: Yuri Koryakov

Identifiers

Features

Phonemic structure

[A‑6] Vowel opposition in nasalization No vowel opposition in nasalization [A‑6‑1]
[A‑7] Vowel opposition in pharyngealization No vowel opposition in pharyngealization [A‑7‑1]
[A‑8] Vowel opposition in ATR No vowel opposition in ATR [A‑8‑1]
[A‑9] Diphthongs and triphthongs Only diphthongs present [A‑9‑2]
[A‑11] Inventory of obstruents by laryngeal features Ejectives present [A‑11‑3]
[A‑12] Inventory of obstruents by manner of articulation Plosives, fricatives and affricates [A‑12‑3]
[A‑13] Inventory of obstruents by place of articulation Labial, coronal, dorsal, guttural and postuvular [A‑13‑2]
[A‑15] Inventory of coronal obstruents by place of articulation Alveolar and postalveolar [A‑15‑16]
[A‑17] Inventory of postuvular obstruents by place of articulation Both pharyngeal and glottal [A‑17‑3]
[A‑18] Additional articulatory oppositions of obstruents By labialization and palatalization [A‑18‑6]
[A‑20] Inventory of sonorants by place of articulation Labial, coronal, dorsal and guttural [A‑20‑17]
[A‑21] Additional articulatory oppositions of sonorants Absent [A‑21‑1]

Prosodic phenomena

[B‑4] Stress fixedness Not fixed [B‑4‑2]

Syllable

No filled features for this language.

Phonologic structure and phenomena

No filled features for this language.

Morphological type of language

[E‑1] Type of language by type of morpheme combination in a word Agglutinative with some fusional features [E‑1‑2]

Nominal classifications

[F‑1] Number of agreement classes No agreement classes [F‑1‑1]

Number

[G‑1] Number in nouns Singular and plural [G‑1‑1]

Case meanings

[H‑1] Number of noun cases Three-seven [H‑1‑2]

Verbal categories

[I‑5] Tense forms Past [I‑5‑1]
[I‑5] Tense forms Present [I‑5‑2]
[I‑5] Tense forms Future [I‑5‑3]
[I‑7] Expression of tense categories Affixes [I‑7‑1]

Deictic categories

[J‑3] Function words expressing spatial orientation of action Preverbs and postpositions [J‑3‑11]
[J‑8] Expression of negation Negative affixes [J‑8‑1]
[J‑9] Negation marker position Preposition and postposition [J‑9‑9]

Parts of speech and inflection

[K‑2] Article types No articles [K‑2‑1]
[K‑7] Number of conjugation types Single type of conjugation [K‑7‑1]
[K‑8] Verb agreement types Subject and subject-object [K‑8‑4]
[K‑16] Inflectional categories of noun Number and case [K‑16‑7]
[K‑19] Word form model Prefixal-suffixal [K‑19‑1]

Word formation

[L‑1] Word formation means Derivation and compounding [L‑1‑12]

Simple sentence

[M‑3] Dominant word order SVO [M‑3‑1]
[M‑4] Order of nouns and its modifier Modifier follows noun [M‑4‑2]

Complex sentence

[N‑1] Clauses order in compound sentence Not fixed [N‑1‑3]
[N‑4] Compound sentence types Subordination and compounding [N‑4‑4]

Unfilled features

The encyclopedia contains no information

Feature is not applicable to this language