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Old Japanese language †

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PDFVolume 3. Mongolian languages. Tungus languages. The Japanese language. The Korean language
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Genealogy

Altaic → Japonic

Geography

Main country: Japan (show on the map)

Identifiers

Features

Phonemic structure

[A‑1] Number of degrees of vowel height Three [A‑1‑2]
[A‑2] Vowel height degrees Close, mid and open [A‑2‑3]
[A‑3] Degrees of vowel backness Front, central and back [A‑3‑4]
[A‑12] Inventory of obstruents by manner of articulation Plosives and fricatives [A‑12‑1]
[A‑13] Inventory of obstruents by place of articulation Labial, coronal, dorsal and guttural [A‑13‑3]
[A‑14] Inventory of labial obstruents by place of articulation Only bilabial [A‑14‑1]
[A‑18] Additional articulatory oppositions of obstruents By labialization and palatalization [A‑18‑6]
[A‑19] Inventory of sonorants by manner of articulation Nasal, liquid and glide [A‑19‑3]
[A‑20] Inventory of sonorants by place of articulation Labial, coronal and dorsal [A‑20‑14]
[A‑21] Additional articulatory oppositions of sonorants By palatalization [A‑21‑3]

Prosodic phenomena

[B‑2] Stress type Pitch-accent [B‑2‑3]
[B‑3] Stress carrier Mora [B‑3‑2]

Syllable

[C‑1] Syllable onset Most syllables have a non-null onset [C‑1‑3]
[C‑2] Syllable coda Most syllables have a null coda [C‑2‑4]

Phonologic structure and phenomena

No filled features for this language.

Morphological type of language

[E‑1] Type of language by type of morpheme combination in a word Fusional-agglutinative [E‑1‑5]
[E‑4] Type of language by degree of morpheme cohesion Synthetic with elements of analytism [E‑4‑6]

Nominal classifications

[F‑1] Number of agreement classes No agreement classes [F‑1‑1]
[F‑7] Nouns classifying categories Absent [F‑7‑1]

Number

[G‑1] Number in nouns Singular and plural [G‑1‑1]
[G‑2] Single number marking Unmarked [G‑2‑2]
[G‑3] Honorific forms in pronouns and verbs Neutral, polite, and impolite [G‑3‑3]

Case meanings

No filled features for this language.

Verbal categories

[I‑1] Voice forms expression Affixes [I‑1‑4]
[I‑2] Voice stacking in the same verb form Present [I‑2‑1]
[I‑3] Double voice forms Passive and causative [I‑3‑1]
[I‑4] Voice forms coincidence Absent [I‑4‑1]

Deictic categories

[J‑8] Expression of negation Negative affixes [J‑8‑1]
[J‑9] Negation marker position Postposition [J‑9‑4]

Parts of speech and inflection

[K‑2] Article types No articles [K‑2‑1]
[K‑7] Number of conjugation types Six types of conjugation [K‑7‑5]
[K‑19] Word form model Mainly or only suffixal [K‑19‑4]

Word formation

No filled features for this language.

Simple sentence

[M‑1] Morphosyntactic alignment Accusative [M‑1‑3]
[M‑3] Dominant word order SOV [M‑3‑2]
[M‑4] Order of nouns and its modifier Modifier precedes noun [M‑4‑1]
[M‑5] Pro-drop Possible [M‑5‑1]

Complex sentence

No filled features for this language.

Unfilled features

The encyclopedia contains no information

Feature is not applicable to this language