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Semnani language

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PDFVolume 6. Iranian languages. II. North-Western Iranian languages
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Genealogy

Indo-European → Indo-Iranian → Iranian → Northwestern Iranian

Geography

Main country: Iran (show on the map)

Identifiers

Features

Phonemic structure

[A‑1] Number of degrees of vowel height Four [A‑1‑3]
[A‑2] Vowel height degrees Close, close-mid, mid and open [A‑2‑4]
[A‑3] Degrees of vowel backness Front, mixed-front and back [A‑3‑9]
[A‑4] Number of length degrees No length degrees [A‑4‑1]
[A‑11] Inventory of obstruents by laryngeal features Opposition by presence and absence of voice [A‑11‑1]
[A‑14] Inventory of labial obstruents by place of articulation Bilabial and labiodental [A‑14‑2]
[A‑16] Inventory of guttural obstruents by place of articulation Velar and uvular [A‑16‑5]
[A‑17] Inventory of postuvular obstruents by place of articulation Only pharyngeal [A‑17‑1]
[A‑19] Inventory of sonorants by manner of articulation Nasal, liquid and vibrant [A‑19‑2]
[A‑20] Inventory of sonorants by place of articulation Labial and coronal [A‑20‑7]

Prosodic phenomena

[B‑1] Stress character Non-phonological [B‑1‑3]
[B‑2] Stress type Dynamic [B‑2‑1]
[B‑3] Stress carrier Syllable [B‑3‑1]
[B‑4] Stress fixedness Movable fixed [B‑4‑3]
[B‑5] Fixed stress carrier Ultima [B‑5‑4]
[B‑10] Target of vowel harmony Group of phonemes [B‑10‑2]

Syllable

[C‑1] Syllable onset Both null and non-null onset possible [C‑1‑5]
[C‑2] Syllable coda Both null and non-null ocoda possible [C‑2‑5]

Phonologic structure and phenomena

[D‑1] Restrictions on the phonemic structure of segment morphemes in the initial position No restrictions [D‑1‑1]
[D‑4] Differences between content and function words No differences [D‑4‑1]
[D‑6] Differences between roots and affixes No differences [D‑6‑1]
[D‑7] Functional type of alternations Accompanying and distinctive [D‑7‑4]
[D‑8] Type of altenations Vowel and consonant alternations [D‑8‑6]

Morphological type of language

[E‑2] Fusional type features Phonetically unconditioned stem alternations and cumulative affixes [E‑2‑7]
[E‑4] Type of language by degree of morpheme cohesion Analytic with elements of synthetism [E‑4‑3]

Nominal classifications

[F‑1] Number of agreement classes Two [F‑1‑2]
[F‑3] Syntactic expression of agreement classes Adjectives, numerals, pronouns, and verbs [F‑3‑11]
[F‑8] Opposition by person/non-person Lexical and morphological [F‑8‑4]

Number

[G‑1] Number in nouns Singular and plural [G‑1‑1]
[G‑2] Single number marking Marked and unmarked [G‑2‑3]
[G‑4] Agreement in number Predicative and attributive [G‑4‑4]
[G‑5] Form of a noun in numeral phrases Singular and plural [G‑5‑3]

Case meanings

Verbal categories

[I‑5] Tense forms Past [I‑5‑1]
[I‑5] Tense forms Non-past [I‑5‑5]
[I‑6] Aspect and tense expression Syncretic [I‑6‑2]
[I‑7] Expression of tense categories Auxiliary verbs and affixes [I‑7‑3]
[I‑8] Syncretic expression of several verb meanings Person, number and gender/ aspect and tense [I‑8‑9]

Deictic categories

[J‑1] Pronominal words Pronouns-nouns and pronouns-adjectives [J‑1‑11]
[J‑2] Expression of deictic categories Demonstrative pronouns [J‑2‑1]
[J‑3] Function words expressing spatial orientation of action Adpositions [J‑3‑9]
[J‑4] Content words expressing spatial orientation of action Pronouns [J‑4‑4]

Parts of speech and inflection

[K‑1] Personal pronouns inflection Pronominal inflection type [K‑1‑3]
[K‑10] Tense expressed by participle Past [K‑10‑4]
[K‑16] Inflectional categories of noun Number and case [K‑16‑7]
[K‑19] Word form model Prefixal-suffixal [K‑19‑1]

Word formation

[L‑1] Word formation means Derivation [L‑1‑6]

Simple sentence

[M‑3] Dominant word order SOV [M‑3‑2]
[M‑4] Order of nouns and its modifier Modifier precedes noun [M‑4‑1]

Complex sentence

Unfilled features

The encyclopedia contains no information