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Tindi language

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PDFVolume 9. Caucasian languages
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Genealogy

Caucasian → Northeast Caucasian → Avar-Andic → Andic

Geography

Main country: Russian Federation (show on the map)

Area maps from the encyclopedia (in Russian)

Map designer: Yuri Koryakov

Identifiers

Features

Phonemic structure

[A‑4] Number of length degrees Two [A‑4‑2]
[A‑11] Inventory of obstruents by laryngeal features Ejectives present [A‑11‑3]
[A‑12] Inventory of obstruents by manner of articulation Plosives, fricatives and affricates [A‑12‑3]
[A‑13] Inventory of obstruents by place of articulation Labial, coronal, dorsal, guttural and postuvular [A‑13‑2]
[A‑14] Inventory of labial obstruents by place of articulation Only bilabial [A‑14‑1]
[A‑15] Inventory of coronal obstruents by place of articulation Dental and alveolar [A‑15‑6]
[A‑16] Inventory of guttural obstruents by place of articulation Velar and uvular [A‑16‑5]
[A‑17] Inventory of postuvular obstruents by place of articulation Both pharyngeal and glottal [A‑17‑3]
[A‑20] Inventory of sonorants by place of articulation Labial, coronal and dorsal [A‑20‑14]
[A‑21] Additional articulatory oppositions of sonorants Absent [A‑21‑1]

Prosodic phenomena

[B‑1] Stress character Phonological [B‑1‑2]
[B‑2] Stress type Dynamic [B‑2‑1]
[B‑3] Stress carrier Syllable [B‑3‑1]
[B‑4] Stress fixedness Not fixed [B‑4‑2]
[B‑9] Length character Non-phonological [B‑9‑2]
[B‑10] Target of vowel harmony No vowel harmony [B‑10‑9]

Syllable

[C‑1] Syllable onset No null onset [C‑1‑1]
[C‑2] Syllable coda Both null and non-null ocoda possible [C‑2‑5]

Phonologic structure and phenomena

No filled features for this language.

Morphological type of language

[E‑1] Type of language by type of morpheme combination in a word Agglutinative [E‑1‑1]
[E‑4] Type of language by degree of morpheme cohesion Synthetic with elements of analytism [E‑4‑6]

Nominal classifications

[F‑1] Number of agreement classes No agreement classes [F‑1‑1]
[F‑7] Nouns classifying categories Class [F‑7‑5]

Number

[G‑1] Number in nouns Singular and plural [G‑1‑1]
[G‑2] Single number marking Unmarked [G‑2‑2]
[G‑6] Numeral system Decimal [G‑6‑1]

Case meanings

[H‑1] Number of noun cases Three-seven [H‑1‑2]
[H‑4] Case marking of possessive relations Genitive [H‑4‑1]
[H‑6] Means of expressing spatial relations Pronouns and locative cases [H‑6‑15]
[H‑8] Case marking of animate and inanimate nouns Same [H‑8‑1]

Verbal categories

[I‑5] Tense forms Past [I‑5‑1]
[I‑5] Tense forms Present [I‑5‑2]
[I‑7] Expression of tense categories Auxiliary verbs and affixes [I‑7‑3]
[I‑9] Marking of person in present tense verbs Absent [I‑9‑1]

Deictic categories

[J‑8] Expression of negation Negative affixes [J‑8‑1]
[J‑9] Negation marker position Postposition [J‑9‑4]

Parts of speech and inflection

[K‑1] Personal pronouns inflection Case affixes of pronouns are the same as noun case affixes [K‑1‑2]
[K‑2] Article types No articles [K‑2‑1]
[K‑7] Number of conjugation types Single type of conjugation [K‑7‑1]
[K‑8] Verb agreement types Subject and object [K‑8‑3]
[K‑15] Attributive agreement types In number [K‑15‑2]
[K‑15] Attributive agreement types In class [K‑15‑5]
[K‑16] Inflectional categories of noun Number and case [K‑16‑7]
[K‑19] Word form model Mainly or only suffixal [K‑19‑4]

Word formation

[L‑1] Word formation means Derivation, reduplication and compounding [L‑1‑19]
[L‑2] Derivation affixes Suffixes [L‑2‑2]

Simple sentence

[M‑1] Morphosyntactic alignment Ergative [M‑1‑5]

Complex sentence

[N‑4] Compound sentence types Subordination and compounding [N‑4‑4]
[N‑5] Compound sentence syndesis and asyndeton Both syndesis and asyndeton possible [N‑5‑3]

Unfilled features

The encyclopedia contains no information

Feature is not applicable to this language