РУС Home About How to Use Languages: List Languages: Map Languages: Genealogy Features Queries
Home About How to Use Languages: List Languages: Map Languages: Genealogy Features Queries (РУС)

Torwali language

Open the encyclopedia PDF (in Russian)

PDFVolume 8. Dardic and Nuristani languages
(The file will be loaded and then opened in a new window or tab on the relevant page)

Genealogy

Indo-European → Indo-Iranian → Dardic

Geography

Main country: Pakistan (show on the map)

Identifiers

Features

Phonemic structure

[A‑4] Number of length degrees Two [A‑4‑2]
[A‑11] Inventory of obstruents by laryngeal features Opposition by voice presence/absence and by aspiration [A‑11‑6]
[A‑13] Inventory of obstruents by place of articulation Labial, coronal, dorsal, guttural and postuvular [A‑13‑2]
[A‑14] Inventory of labial obstruents by place of articulation Only bilabial [A‑14‑1]
[A‑16] Inventory of guttural obstruents by place of articulation Velar and uvular [A‑16‑5]
[A‑17] Inventory of postuvular obstruents by place of articulation Only laryngeal [A‑17‑4]
[A‑18] Additional articulatory oppositions of obstruents Absent [A‑18‑1]
[A‑19] Inventory of sonorants by manner of articulation Nasal, liquid, vibrant and glide [A‑19‑6]
[A‑20] Inventory of sonorants by place of articulation Labial, coronal and dorsal [A‑20‑14]
[A‑21] Additional articulatory oppositions of sonorants Absent [A‑21‑1]

Prosodic phenomena

[B‑9] Length character Phonological [B‑9‑1]

Syllable

No filled features for this language.

Phonologic structure and phenomena

[D‑5] Differences between native and borrowed words Differences in phonetic structure [D‑5‑2]

Morphological type of language

[E‑1] Type of language by type of morpheme combination in a word Fusional [E‑1‑3]
[E‑4] Type of language by degree of morpheme cohesion Synthetic with elements of analytism [E‑4‑6]

Nominal classifications

[F‑1] Number of agreement classes Two [F‑1‑2]

Number

[G‑1] Number in nouns Singular and plural [G‑1‑1]
[G‑2] Single number marking Unmarked [G‑2‑2]
[G‑4] Agreement in number Predicative [G‑4‑2]
[G‑5] Form of a noun in numeral phrases Singular and plural [G‑5‑3]
[G‑6] Numeral system Vigesimal [G‑6‑6]

Case meanings

[H‑1] Number of noun cases Three-seven [H‑1‑2]
[H‑6] Means of expressing spatial relations Pronouns and adverbs [H‑6‑33]
[H‑9] Secondary cases Absent [H‑9‑2]

Verbal categories

[I‑5] Tense forms Past [I‑5‑1]
[I‑5] Tense forms Present [I‑5‑2]
[I‑5] Tense forms Future [I‑5‑3]
[I‑6] Aspect and tense expression Syncretic [I‑6‑2]
[I‑9] Marking of person in present tense verbs Absent [I‑9‑1]
[I‑10] Transitivity marker Special type of agreement [I‑10‑5]

Deictic categories

[J‑1] Pronominal words Pronouns-nouns and pronouns-adjectives [J‑1‑11]
[J‑2] Expression of deictic categories Demonstrative pronouns [J‑2‑1]
[J‑4] Content words expressing spatial orientation of action Pronouns and adverbs [J‑4‑6]
[J‑6] Words expressing (in)definiteness Numerals and pronouns [J‑6‑16]
[J‑9] Negation marker position Preposition [J‑9‑3]

Parts of speech and inflection

[K‑1] Personal pronouns inflection Pronominal inflection type [K‑1‑3]
[K‑2] Article types No articles [K‑2‑1]
[K‑8] Verb agreement types Subject and object [K‑8‑3]
[K‑9] Agreement categories expressed in participle Gender [K‑9‑4]
[K‑10] Tense expressed by participle Present, past and future [K‑10‑10]
[K‑12] Agreement categories expressed in adjective Gender [K‑12‑5]
[K‑13] Cumulative expression of several categories in adjective Absent [K‑13‑1]
[K‑14] Attribute agreement of adjectives Always present [K‑14‑1]
[K‑15] Attributive agreement types In gender [K‑15‑4]
[K‑17] Cumulative expression of several categories in noun Number and case [K‑17‑6]
[K‑19] Word form model Prefixal-suffixal [K‑19‑1]

Word formation

No filled features for this language.

Simple sentence

[M‑1] Morphosyntactic alignment Accusative with elements of ergativity [M‑1‑7]
[M‑3] Dominant word order SOV [M‑3‑2]

Complex sentence

No filled features for this language.

Unfilled features

The encyclopedia contains no information

The encyclopedia explicitly states lack of data

Feature is not applicable to this language